Volatile nitrosamines and tobacco-specific nitrosamines in the smoke of Thai cigarettes: a risk factor for lung cancer and a suspected risk factor for liver cancer in Thailand

摘要: In Thailand, smoking of commercial cigarettes and handmade has drastically increased in recent decades. Cancer the lung upper aero-digestive tract have also Thailand as they many other countries. It is our working hypothesis that increase primary cancer liver, especially cholangiocarcinoma north-eastern provinces associated with use tobacco men infested liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini (OV). Bioassays shown volatile nitrosamines tobacco-specific induce laboratory animals hepatocarcinogenic action nitrosodimethylamine hamsters significantly by infestation OV. The endogenous formation OV infestation. This report presents analytical data on concentration mainstream smoke nine leading brands commercially produced Thai which represent approximately 85% market share Thailand. Observed ranges (ng/cigarette) were 8.5-31.9 for nitrosodimethylamine, 8.8-49.6 nitrosopyrrolidine 4.2-18.9 nitrosodi-n-butylamine. These values are exceptionally high compared light blended from North America Western Europe. Among nitrosamines, range was 28-730 nitrosonornicotine 16-370 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. There a correlation between tar nicotine deliveries smoke. line rate support risk among those people who carry