Stratigraphic distribution of lignite-derived atmospheric deposits in forest soils of the upper Lusatian Region, East Germany
作者： Susanne Klose , Rainer Tölle , Ernst Bäucker , Franz Makeschin
关键词: Topsoil 、 Forest floor 、 Carbon 、 Particle-size distribution 、 Soil water 、 Soil contamination 、 Fly ash 、 Soil horizon 、 Mineralogy 、 Environmental science
摘要: Atmospheric fly ash emissions from lignite-fired power plantsin the Upper Lusatian and Turowan mining districts stronglyaffected large forest areas along German-Polish border. Afield study was conducted in old spruce stands (Piceaabies (L.) Karst.) to assess stratigraphic distributionof floor mineral topsoil St. Marienthal area eastern part of Saxony,Germany. This is subjected long-termatmospheric depositions by two German one Polish powerplants since early 1900s. The three sites arelocated a deposition gradient 3, 6 15 kmfrom plant Turow (Sites Ia, II III,respectively). An additional site (Site Ib) at distance 3 km chosen influence vegetationtype on intensity soils. Samplesof humic layer (Oi (L), Oe (F) Oa (H) horizons) andmineral soil (0–10 cm) were taken Spring Fall 1999 andanalysed for their ferromagnetic susceptibility total ashcontent. Particle size distribution, magnetic susceptibilityof individual fractions, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) wereperformed selected samples evaluate origin ofmineral particles found floor. High magneticsusceptibility horizons result thelong-term accumulation lignite-derived atmospheric depositsin floors studied area. Pure conifer stands(year-round filtration airborne pollutants) resulted inhigher inputs forestsoils. Unusually high contents horizons(up 77%) determined atSites Ia IIb, indicating need new classificationsystems organic soils near coal-firedpower plants. SEM revealed 4 typical phases persistent flyash deposits formed combustion lignite: (1) iron-containing `stable glasses’, (2) aluminium-iron-silicate-minerals,(3) slag fragments (4) fossilcarbon. analysis, susceptibilitymeasurements SEM-EDX techniques indicated that greatportion horizonsof forests are sources. Fly ashaccumulation consisting minerals contributesmainly 125–63 <63 μm fractions EDXanalysis input lignite-derivedfly increases following ecologicalrelevant elements soils: carbon, iron, aluminium, calcium,potassium, sulphur, titanium sodium.
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