Two for one: inadvertent introduction of Euglandina species during failed bio-control efforts in Hawaii

摘要: The introduction of the predatory land snail, Euglandina rosea (Ferrusac, 1821) from Florida to Hawaii control giant African Lissachatina fulica (Bowdich, 1822) is among most publicized biological cases gone awry. Following preliminary genetic analyses that revealed a second, possibly undescribed species was probably introduced Hawaii, we used an integrative systematic approach combining both and morphological assessments examine taxonomic status snail referred as E. in Hawaii. Genetic support interpretation two were have become established can be readily distinguished based on differences. This finding has significant ramifications for understanding historical contemporary biocontrol it suggests that: (1) other may been inadvertently through bio-control programs, (2) inadequate taxonomy agents obscured our ability effectively study their ecological impacts, (3) while US no comprehensive regulatory framework importing agents, one urgently needed. also wide-ranging implications conservation efforts throughout tropics because Oahu, released Hawaiian Islands, New Guinea, Okinawa, Palau Philippines, India, Bonin Islands Bermuda use programs led catastrophic loss endemic diversity.