Recruitment ecology of pelagic-broadcast spawning minnows: paradigms from the ocean advance science and conservation of an imperilled freshwater fauna

摘要: Pelagic-broadcast spawning is a dominant mode of fish reproduction in the oceans and associated with Fundamental Triad (i.e. nutrient enrichment, concentration, propagule retention) Loophole disruption larval competition predation) processes that are mediated by water currents. uncommon freshwater, but employed an evolutionarily convergent guild rivers on Great Plains, North America. We reviewed ecological studies pelagic-broadcast minnows to evaluate whether concepts explain adaptive significance this behaviour. exhibit periodicity dependent floods. Nutrient concentration retention enhanced during flood recession. Retention also high fecundity rapid development propagules. Predation threats relatively low temporary, patchily distributed nurseries present Extended periods diffusive spread juveniles adults ensure annual recruitment despite unpredictable often harsh conditions plains. Over last century, spawners have suffered declines due dewatering, control sediment deprivation disrupt natural processes. propose restoration necessary for operate will be most successful at stopping decline extinction Plains.