Nanomedicine Based Approaches to Cancer Diagonsis and Therapy

摘要: Pharmaceutical nanoparticles were first described in 1970s, and the term “nanotechnology” is now commonly used to refer fabrication of new materials with nanoscale dimensions between 1 100 nm (Thrall 2004). Several types nanometer scale systems such as nanoparticles, nanospheres, nanotubes, nanogels molecular conjugates are being investigated (Lemieux et al. 2000;Liu 2007;Ravi The field nanomedicine aims use properties physical characteristics nanomaterials which have been extensively novel intravascular or cellular probes for both diagnostic (imaging) therapeutic purposes (drug/gene delivery). sub-micron size nanoparticle delivery confers distinct advantages compared large sized including targeted delivery, higher deeper tissue penetrability, greater uptake ability cross blood-brain barrier (Kreuter 1995;Vinogradov 2002;Vogt 2006). Therapeutic transgene(s) encoded by plasmid chemically modified DNA can be dissolved, entrapped, conjugated, encapsulated adsorbed surface nanoparticles. There are, broadly, two main nanosized particles different inner structures: A. Nanoparticle/Nanosphere: Matrix composed entangled oligomer polymer units; B. Nanocapsule: Reservoir consisting a hydrophobic core surrounded wall. Lipids also generate liposomes micelles (discussed detail later). These nanodevices confer protection against variety degradative destabilizing factors, enhance efficiency cells while minimizing toxic effects. Nanoparticles expected play critical role innovation development future cancer treatment modalities. Recent research has developed functional that covalently linked biological molecules peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, small-molecule ligands (Alivisatos 2004;Chan 2002;Michalet 2005). Medical applications appeared, superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agent detection lymph node prostate (Harisinghani 2003) polymeric gene tumor vasculatures (Hood 2002). Target-specific drug/gene early diagnosis currently high priority R&D area, one will inevitably make contributions. Current modalities various diseases, especially cancer, major limitations poor sensitivity