Chromosomal evolution in Primates: Tentative phylogeny from Microcebus murinus (Prosimian) to man

摘要: The karyotypes of more than 60 species Primates are studied and compared, with the use almost all existing banding techniques. There is a very close analogy chromosome between Simians man. quantitative or qualitative variations detected involve heterochromatin. It likely that euchromatin (nonvariable R Q bands) identical in species. Approximately 70% bands common to Lemurs (Prosimians). In remaining 30%, technical difficulties prevented valuable comparison, but this does not exclude possibility complete may exist. Thus, it chromosomal evolutions Simians, probably Primates, has occurred without duplication deficiency euchromatin. 150 rearrangements could be identified related human chromosomes. types vary from one group (suborder, family, genus) another. For instance, Robertsonian translocations preponderant among Lemuridae (44/57) nonexistent Pongidae. Chromosome fissions frequent Cercopithecidae (10/23), were found elsewhere, pericentric inversions evolution Pongidae man (17/28). This suggests directed by genic constitution (favouring occurrence particular type rearrangement, enzymatic reaction), morphology (the probability will formed depends at least partially on number acrocentrics), reproductive behaviour animals. Reconstitution sequence allowed us propose fairly precise genealogy many giving positions Catarrhines, Platyrrhines, Prosimians. was also possible reconstruct ancestors died out several dozen million years ago. role discussed. appears necessary consider different categories separately, depending their behaviour. ‘nonfavoured’ rearrangements, such as inversions, need occur an isolated small population for implanting, equivalent derivation. ‘favoured’ e.g., translocations, diffuse panmictic populations, accumulate. Their gametic barrier much progressive. discrimination these two categories, differentiate selective advantage disadvantage rearrangement itself. show play direct modification phenotype position effect. Comparison have during those shows strong correlation some them. particular, large proportion can regarded reverse mutations, because they reproduce ancestral