Land-use in Amazonia and the cerrado of Brasil.

摘要: The total area and annual rate of native vegetation clearing is greatest in the Cerrado region followed by Brazilian states Para, Mato Grosso, Maranhao Rondonia. Amazonian forest proceeds most quickly where abundant natural resources (wood or land) are accessible roads close to markets. These regions concentrated along eastern southern flanks Amazonia, particularly Cuiaba There still large discrepancies estimates deforestation; Landsat (Thematic Mapper-based) mapping deforestation closed-canopy forests Amazonia has not include non-Brazilian countries incomplete for cerrado biome. was last mapped 1994. Current do that affected logging each year, which an (about 7,000 km2 yr-1)more than half size deforestation. Logging changes structure increases flammability. intensity ranges from 1-to 100-species harvest, averages 20m3 wood harvested per hectare. may increase dramatically coming years. Fire affects large, but difficult measure, areas pastureland, logged forests, secondary primary forests. Forest ground fires map fom satellite data. more frequent taking place, seasonal drought severe. destiny land cleared crops cattle pasture complex, highly variables regionally. Areal needed managed pasture, degraded cropland secondadry these ecosystems functionally distinct. Most establishment, shifting cultivation. Cattle logical land-use both small-scale large-scale rural Amazonians because easily sold traded, they maintain their value during inflation. patures help secure claims value. In Cerrado, there been a shift extensive grazing savannas planted with African forage grasses; mechanized soy bean production second land-use. Pastures important land-cover LBA (Large-Scale Biosphere - Atmosphere experiment Amazonia) science campaign. experiences reduced rainfall ENSO events. ENSO-related severe Amazonia. A basin-wide reduction would have its affect on near border between savanna Rondonia, Para Tocantins. campaign should be conducted variety landscapes capture multiplicity human effects ecosystems, as well range cliamatic edaphic conditions under evolved. It address current (ENSO) predicted variations climate, designed recommend those land-uses best reconcile maintenance ecosystem processes socially equitable economic growth.