Smart cities: moving beyond urban cybernetics to tackle wicked problems

摘要: This article makes three related arguments. First, that although many definitions of the smart city have been proposed, corporate promoters say a uses information technology to pursue efficient systems through real-time monitoring and control. Second, this definition is not new equivalent idea urban cybernetics debated in 1970s. Third, drawing on discussion Rio de Janeiro’s Operations Center, I argue viewing problems as wicked allows for more fundamental solutions than cybernetics, but requires local innovation stakeholder participation. Therefore last section describes institutions municipal IT-enabled collaborative planning.