Wolf Predation, Wolf Control and the Management of Ungulate Populations

摘要: Wolf (Canis lupus) predation is a major limiting factor of many ungulate populations in North America. Predation by wolves can be density-dependent and regulate prey at low densities. In some situations, wolf eliminate populations. the past, large-scale control programs, which exterminated or greatly reduced populations, apparently resulted increased Recent, small-scale programs often survival rates but most those were terminated before population increase could clearly demonstrated. It appears that if to used maintain must ongoing due rapid recolonization numerical response wolves. Ongoing potentially both numbers over long term preventing from reducing their numbers. Although has potential (and possibly wolf) numbers, its use severely limited technical constraints public opposition. Effective, are technically financially unfeasible. encounter severe opposition animal-rights concerns for human manipulation natural ecosystems.