Effect of draw solution concentration and operating conditions on forward osmosis and pressure retarded osmosis performance in a spiral wound module

摘要: Forward osmosis (FO) and pressure retarded (PRO) are concentration-driven membrane processes. While they can be potentially used in water, wastewater, energy applications, these processes suffer from the concentration polarization inside porous support resulting severe flux decrease, a phenomenon known as internal (ICP). Researchers have investigated effect of ICP both theoretical experimental studies. The current study extends existing model to include draw solution dilution by permeate flow spiral wound FO module (SWFO). PRO experiments were performed using Hydrowell® SWFO under submerged cross-flow conditions. concentration, rate, feed water orientation on performance was systematically investigated. Permeate increased with greater modes. found drastically limit available processes, its adverse more at concentration. Membrane also affected when rate comparable or than rate. configuration nearly good circulating outside envelope (shorter path). In this case, only had limited likely due low mass transfer resistance. contrary, adversely it circulated (longer