Ecosystem goods and services from Manila clam culture in Puget Sound: a modelling analysis

摘要: The carrying capacity of a 2.4 ha Manila clam Venerupis philippinarum farm, using mechanised harvesting in North Puget Sound, WA, USA,was determined by means an ecological model; the results were also scaled to Sound as whole. An individual growth model was developed, calibrated and validated for commercial together with macro- algal simulate fouling predator nets seaweeds. Both models are based on our previously developed generic frameworks bivalves (AquaShell) seaweeds (AquaFrond). For most part, equations taken or adapted from literature parameterised studied site. incorporated into Farm Aquaculture Resource Man- agement (FARM) production cycle, environmental effects economic optimisation culture. farm-scale built object-oriented programming. Potential seaweed analysed found be about 10% above background. FARM used classify farm area respect its eutrophication status, applying Assessment Estuarine Trophic Status (ASSETS) model. ranging 32 45 t clams per year is well reproduced Harvest yield very sensitive mortality, profitability seed costs. culture provides potential nutrient credit trading value over US $41000 year, 1000 Population-Equivalents (PEQ, i.e. loading humans equivalent agriculture industry) control. income would add 21% annual profit ($194 900) sales. A scaling exercise whole reasonable agreement declared (difference 16%), suggests that provide significant ecosystem service, order 90 000 PEQ year.