Nutrients or Pollutants? Nitrogen Deposition to European Forests

摘要: Abstract Forests take up gaseous, liquid and particulate substances that are present in the air. Although considered nutrients on one hand, nitrogen inputs exceeding critical load can be absorbed by an ecosystem act as pollutants. This chapter outlines effects of N deposition to forest ecosystems discusses recent progress has been made more accurately quantify dry deposition, which at many a location Europe is larger than wet occult deposition. To tree growth, good measure for net production (NEP) needed. Eddy covariance (EC) flux measurements established way NEP. While EC costly remain restricted their application few suitable locations, dendrometer with high temporal resolution show similar seasonal annual signal Such becoming increasingly important biomass accumulation, related rates. The policy relevance such activities emerges from UNECE's Gothenburg protocol abate acidification, eutrophication ground-level ozone, but also quantification natural sinks under Kyoto profits measurements.