Conventional Problem Solving

摘要: The term problem solving is applied to a variety of activities ranging from puzzle solving, such as cleaning up toxic spill, the more complex and uncertain tasks planning policy making. In all cases, typical problem-solving process less rational than some would like see.1 Consequently, practical strays far rational-comprehensive ideal so revered by technical professionals. According this latter way thinking, should pass through number discrete stages arranged in logical sequence, with each step building on previous coherent manner (Figure 4.1). It assumed, for instance, that it possible begin sequence achieving consensus basic nature question, which allows subsequent development comprehensive picture during definition stage. Once exhaustive understanding has been achieved, solutions are generated unspecified, but rational, way. A logical, often computer-assisted, decision most promising solution be selected implementation. choices have made, implemented planned managers other operational experts, closely following guidelines laid down. After suitable interval, impact chosen alternative carefully evaluated against establishedcriteria effectiveness. results evaluation then used modify original conception problem, new routes its may explored, thereby starting cycle rotating once again. On whole, however, given earlier phases, assumed redirection efforts at late stage likely unnecessary.2