Social influences on dispersal and the fat-tailed dispersal distribution in red-cockaded woodpeckers.

摘要: ‘‘Fat-tailed’’ distributions of dispersal distances involve long movements that do not appear to follow the normal distributioncharacterizing most short dispersals. Theorists have offered 2 nonexclusive explanations for such distributions. They suggest thatthe fat tail is a product single perturbed function, or there may be multiple movement modes widen dis-persal distributions, kernels, when considered simultaneously. We evaluated in cooperatively breedingred-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) using 22-year data set. Results illustrated differed betweenjuvenile and helper dispersers but between sexes. further showed fat-tailed all social sexclasses. Then within juvenile females, we used radiotelemetry document fundamentally different strategies: Wood-peckers forayed from natal area until breeding vacancies were located, they made jumps distant locations where birdscontinued search settlement options. Jumping was behavior added long-distance kerneland fattened distribution. Our results are congruent with growing evidence animals typically doesnot represent process switch based on complex relationship ofinternal state, landscape characteristics, motion capacity, navigational ability. Rare cryptic asjumping also account distance other species. Key words: dispersal, taildistribution, kurtosis, ecology, Picoides borealis, red-cockaded woodpecker. [Behav Ecol]