Capillary and Microchip Electrophoresis

摘要: The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. CE Modes and Techniques 2.1. Overview 2.2. Capillary Zone Electrophoresis, Isotachophoresis, Isoelectric Focusing 2.3. Separations with Additional Constraints 2.4. Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography 2.5. Capillary Electrochromatography 3. Theoretical Aspects of CE 3.1. Electrokinetic Phenomena Fundamental Separation Aspects 3.2. Dynamic Computer Simulation Electrophoretic Processes 3.3. Peakmaster for Electrophoresis 3.4. Moving Boundary Equation, Regulation Functions Other Models 3.5. Internet Resources Availability Physico-Chemical Constants 4. CE Instrumentation 4.1. General Early Developments 4.2. Instrumentation Featuring Fused-Silica Capillaries 4.3. Chip Instrumentation 4.4. CE-MS CE Instrumentation Special Tasks 5. Aspects a CE-Based Assay 5.1. Separation Column 5.2. Separation Medium 5.3. Analyte Injection, Stacking, Detection 5.4. Sample Preparation, Analyte Quantitation Complete Assay Specifications 6. CE Applications 6.1. CE Determination Properties Molecules, Ions, Liquids 6.2. CE Ions Small Molecules 6.3. CE Pharmaceuticals their Metabolites 6.4. CE Carbohydrates 6.5. CE Peptides Proteins 6.6. CE Oligonucleotides, DNA, RNA 6.7. CE Particles Synthetic Polymers 6.8. Special Techniques Ultrafast Analysis, Extreme Resolution, Sample Size 7. Brief Discussion Outlook Electrophoretic separations analyses in capillaries microchannels have received considerable attention since the 1970s. Since this time number techniques electrophoretic small (microliters to femtoliters) sample volumes emerged, including capillary zone electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, gel affinity electrokinetic chromatography, electrochromatography. High separation efficiencies been demonstrated conjunction high-resolution on-column and/or end-column detection. microchip electrophoresis represent instrumental approaches which complement other techniques, particular high-performance liquid chromatography slab electrophoresis. This keyword presents theoretical, instrumentation, practical assay aspects together illustrative examples. Examples major fields application are given an overview key achievements encountered is provided.