The adaptive evolution of the mammalian mitochondrial genome.

摘要: The mitochondria produce up to 95% of a eukaryotic cell's energy through oxidative phosphorylation. proteins involved in this vital process are under high functional constraints. However, metabolic requirements vary across species, potentially modifying selective pressures. We evaluate the adaptive evolution 12 protein-coding mitochondrial genes 41 placental mammalian species by assessing amino acid sequence variation and exploring implications observed secondary tertiary protein structures. Wide properties acids were at functionally important regions cytochrome b with more-specialized (such as adaptation low diet or large body size, such elephant, dugong, sloth, pangolin, unusual oxygen requirements, for example diving cetaceans, flying bats, living altitudes alpacas). Signatures NADH dehydrogenase complex restricted loop transmembrane units which likely function protons pumps. Evidence c oxidase was mostly interface between nuclear-encoded subunits, perhaps evidence co-evolution. ATP8 subunit, has an role assembly F0, exhibited highest signal variation. ATP6, essential rotor performance, showed predicted areas. Our study provides insight into mtDNA genome mammals its molecular mechanism present framework future experimental characterization impact specific mutations function, physiology, interactions encoded