Current-induced forces in mesoscopic systems: A scattering-matrix approach

摘要: Nanoelectromechanical systems are characterized by an intimate connection between electronic and mechanical degrees of freedom. Due to the nanoscopic scale, current flowing through system noticeably impacts upons vibrational dynamics device, complementing effect modes on dynamics. We employ scattering-matrix approach quantum transport in order develop a unified theory nanoelectromechanical out equilibrium. For slow mode can be obtained from Landauer–Buttiker formula strictly adiabatic limit. The leading correction limit reduces Brouwer’s for pump absence bias voltage. principal results present paper expressions current-induced forces acting These control Langevin modes. Specifically, we derive (typically nonconservative) mean force, (possibly negative) damping effective “Lorentz” force that exists even time-reversal-invariant systems, fluctuating originating Nyquist shot noise flow. apply our general formalism several simple models illustrate peculiar nature forces. find out-of-equilibrium situations destabilize vibrations cause limit-cycle