A spatial typology of human settlements and their CO2 emissions in England

摘要: Case studies demonstrate that urban greenhouse gas emissions are driven by socio-economic, climatic and urban-form specific characteristics. But neither the interdependence between attributes nor their place-specific context has been well understood. In this paper, we develop a nested typology of human settlements in England, containing both rural environments, is based on local drivers from direct energy use nearly 7000 areas. We reject standard hypothesis obey global linear model explaining emissions. The settlement types characterized unique, combinations emission drivers. find density income dominant classifiers carbon dioxide However, impacts particular to as combination income, household size, climate, which themselves spatially contextualized. Our strongly correlates with geographic distribution lifestyles. Average highest for very high households (top 3%) living low-density areas large houses, mostly concentrated outer suburbs. results provide first step towards enabling decision makers go beyond one-size-fits-all approaches but instead apply appropriate mitigating measures each type settlement. turn, successful strategies could be transferred similar settlements.