The Effect of PhACs on Biological Communities in Rivers: Field Studies

摘要: Abstract This chapter aims to review the current literature on field studies assessing effects of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) fluvial biological communities. The importance use these communities in ecological risk assessment PhACs river ecosystems is tackled. reviews about potential commonly belonging bottom and top food chain (i.e., microbial fish communities). In this framework, Llobregat presented as a greatly PhAC-polluted case, where numerous have been performed. Particularly, evidences biofilm, macroinvertebrate, Llobregat, reported by diverse investigations, are reviewed chapter. conclusions suggest that continuous population growth subsequent increase sewage waste discharge aquatic systems may be reflected even more pronounced