Multiscale properties of dense granular materials

摘要: Purpose – Granular materials possess multiscale structures, i.e. micro-scales involving atoms and molecules in a solid particle, meso-scales individual particles their correlated structure, macroscopic assembly. Strong abundant dissipations are exhibited due to mesoscopic unsteady motion of grains, evolution underlying structures (e.g. force chains, vortex, etc.), which defines the key differences between granular ordinary objects. The purpose this paper is introduce major studies have been conducted recent two decades. Design/methodology/approach – main properties at scale introduced, including coordination number, pair-correlation function, mean stress distribution functions, dynamic correlation function. relationship meso- macro-scales analyzed, such as contact stress, elastic modulus, bulk friction flows. At macroscales, conventional engineering models (i.e. elasto-plastic hypo-plastic ones) introduced. In particular, so-called hydrodynamics theory, derived from thermodynamics principles, explained. Findings – On basis study authors conducted, multiscales (both spatial temporal) first explained, framework presented for mechanics materials. Originality/value – It would provide paramount view on