Innovative techniques in evaluating the esophagus; imaging of esophageal morphology and function; and drugs for esophageal disease

摘要: This paper reporting on techniques for esophageal evaluation and imaging drugs disease includes commentaries endoscopy including dye-based high-resolution dye-less high-definition endoscopy; the shift from CT to MRI guidance in tumor delineation radiation therapy; role of functional lumen measuring distensibility; electrical stimulation lower sphincter (LES) as an alternative fundoduplication treatment gastroesophageal reflux (GERD); morphological findings esophagitis dysmotility double-contrast esophagography; value videofluoroscopy assessing protecting mechanisms patients with chronic or swallowing disorders; targeting visceral hypersensitivity refractory GERD; symptoms treatments nighttime nocturnal acid breakthrough (NAB).