Basic mechanisms of RNA polymerase II activity and alteration of gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

摘要: Transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II), and all polymerases for that matter, may be understood as comprising two cycles. The first cycle relates to the basic mechanism of transcription process wherein Pol must select appropriate nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) substrate complementary DNA template, catalyze phosphodiester bond formation, translocate next position on template. Performing this in an iterative fashion allows synthesis chains can over one million nucleotides length some larger eukaryotes. Overlaid upon enzymatic cycle, divided into another three phases: initiation, elongation, termination. Each these phases has a large number associated factors function promote or regulate gene expression process. Complicating matters, each phase latter are coincident with cotranscriptional processing events. Additionally, takes place within highly dynamic regulated chromatin environment. This environment is radically impacted active modifications remodeling, while also functioning major platform regulation. review will focus our knowledge mechanism, how altered activity impacts vivo model eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae. article part Special Issue entitled: Polymerase Transcript Elongation.