Photosynthesis and Calcification at Cellular, Organismal and Community Levels in Coral Reefs: A Review on Interactions and Control by Carbonate Chemistry

摘要: SYNOPSIS. Photosynthesis and calcification in zooxanthellate scleractinian corals coral reefs are reviewed at several scales: cellular (pathways transport mechanisms of inorganic carbon calcium), organismal (interaction between photosynthesis calcification, effect light) ecosystemic (community primary production air-sea CO2 exchanges). The host plays a major role supplying for the by algal symbionts through system similar to carbon-concentrating mechanism described free living cells. The details supply process almost unknown, but metabolic seems be significant source. Calcium is diffusional oral layers, active membrane only occurs calicoblastic cells site calcification. tightly coupled reef communities. Calcification is, on average, three times higher light than darkness. recent suggestion that dark-repressed rather light-enhanced not supported literature. There very strong correlation both organism community levels, ratios gross (0.6 0.2 communities) differ from unity, each other as function level. The potential global climatic changes ( p temperature) rate also reviewed. In various calcifying photosynthetic organisms communities, decreases increasing decreasing calcium carbonate saturation state. calculated decrease CaCO3, production, estimated using scenarios considered International Panel Climate Change (IPCC), 10% 1880 1990, 9–30% (mid estimate: 22%) 1990 2100. Inadequate understanding its interaction with severely limits ability provide an accurate prediction future