Nanomaterial-based drilling fluids for exploitation of unconventional reservoirs: A review

摘要: The world’s energy demand is steadily increasing where it has now become difficult for conventional hydrocarbon reservoir to meet levels of demand. Therefore, oil and gas companies are seeking novel ways exploit unlock the potential unconventional resources. These resources include tight reservoirs, sandstone oil, shales high pressure temperature (HPHT) wells. Drilling HPHT wells shale reservoirs more widespread in global petroleum natural industry. There a current need extend robust techniques beyond costly drilling completion jobs, with exponential expansion. fluids their additives being customized order cater well issues. Certain additives, e.g., filtrate loss viscosifier inhibitor, stabilizer not suitable environment, they consequently inappropriate drilling. A better understanding selection water-sensitive within environments can be achieved by identifying challenges technology replacement eco-friendly, cheaper, multi-functional valuable products. In this regard, several laboratory-scale literatures have reported that nanomaterial improved properties environment. This review critically evaluates utilization improvement rheological properties, loss, viscosity, clay- shale-inhibition at pressures during exploitation hydrocarbons. performance nanomaterials, which influence nature fluid its multi-benefits, rarely reviewed technical literature water-based systems. Moreover, presented case studies two fields one basin, compared program optimum