Treatment of intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma

摘要: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-closely associated with liver cirrhosis and, in fact, the main cause of death patients such disease-is now recognized as one most-prevalent and lethal neoplasms worldwide. Prognosis allocation multiple available treatment options for HCC are influenced not only by tumour stage, but also degree liver-function impairment. Therefore, accurate assessment classification disease is important patient management. According to Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) algorithm, intermediate-stage defined extensive multifocal without vascular invasion preserved function absence cancer-related symptoms; this context, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) considered standard treatment. The use drug-eluting beads has enabled standardization procedure, resulting higher reproducibility tolerability Nevertheless, all good candidates TACE whom appropriate or failed, other treatments can be considered, including sorafenib. Radioembolization a promising alternative that deserves further prospective studies. Herein, we review current approaches used accurately stratify subsequently allocate most-appropriate treatments. key developments therapeutic strategies discussed.