Integrating the Metapopulation and Habitat Paradigms for Understanding Broad-Scale Declines of Species

摘要: : Caughley (1994) argued that researchers working on threatened populations tended to follow the “small population paradigm” or “declining paradigm,” and greater integration of these paradigms was needed. Here I suggest two related exist at broader spatial scale, namely metapopulation paradigm habitat paradigm, also need be integrated if we are provide sound management advice. This is not trivial, outline five problems addressed: (1) variables may measure quality, so site-specific data vital rates needed resolve effects quality dynamics; (2) measurements confounded by movements; (3) density dependent; (4) affected genotype; (5) cannot measured in unoccupied patches. reviewed papers published Conservation Biology from 1994 2003 found 41 studies analyzed 10 more sites understand factors limiting species' distributions. Five analyses presented were purely within 14 17 involved elements both paradigms, 7 theoretically ambiguous (2 2 distinct counted twice). suggests many appreciate integrate paradigms. Only one study, however, used dynamics (problem 1), this study did address 2–5. conclude intensive research incorporating movement complement numerous distributional being produced. Resumen: Caughley argumentaba que los investigadores de poblaciones amenazadas tendian a seguir el “paradigma la poblacion pequena” o declinante,” y se necesitaba mayor integracion estos paradigmas. Aqui sugiero que, escala espacial amplia, existen dos paradigmas relacionados, particularmente paradigma metapoblacion del habitat, tambien deben ser integrados si vamos proporcionar consejos manejo acertados. Esta no es delineo cinco problemas atendidos: puede las midan calidad por lo requieren datos sobre tasas vitales especificos cada sitio para resolver efectos dinamica metapoblacion; medidas pueden estar enmascaradas movimientos; denso dependientes; genotipo afectar vitales; en parches desocupados. Revise articulos publicados entre encontre estudios analizaban mas sitios entender factores limitan distribucion especies. Cinco analisis presentados estaban dentro metapoblacion, involucraban elementos ambos eran ambiguos teoricamente (dos presentaron distintos fueron contados veces). Esto sugiere muchos reconocen necesidad integrar Sin embargo, solo un estudio utilizo (problema este abordo 2-5. Concluyo requiere investigacion intensiva incorpore movimientos complementar numerosos estan produciendo.