Narrowband-to-broadband albedo conversion for glacier ice and snow based on aircraft and near-surface measurements

摘要: This article presents albedo measurements of snow and glacier ice at Vatnajokull (Iceland) the Kangerlussuaq transect (Greenland). Radiative fluxes were measured in broadband four narrowbands, namely, Thematic Mapper (TM) Bands 2 4, Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) 1 2. The incoming near ground outgoing from a helicopter. Extracts data collected over snow, ice, supraglacial moraines, lakes, tundra are discussed. Using sets Iceland Greenland, with entirely ground-based Morteratschgletscher (Switzerland) Scharffenbergbotnen (Antarctica), new equations for narrowband-to-broadband (NTB) conversion developed. They have residual standard deviation 0.011 TM 0.008 AVHRR can be applied without having to classify surface. helicopter also used develop criteria distinguishing different types surfaces, which needed application Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Functions (BRDFs). Snow distinguished by defining threshold single narrowband albedo. ratio albedos TM4 TM2, lesser extent, AVHRR2 AVHRR1, may serve as proxy surface characteristics terms concentrations water, debris, dust.