摘要: Discussions about the permissibility of students using enhancements in education are often framed by question, “Is a student who uses cognitive-enhancing drugs cheating?” While question cheating is interesting, it but only one concerning enhancement education. Another interesting is, “What kinds do we want our academic institutions?” I suggest that plausible answer to this concerns ideals human excellence or virtues. The institutions virtuous or, at least minimally, possess certain argue may choose use for reasons self-improvement. That self-improvement illustrates under conditions motivation can determine enhancements. Building upon virtues-based institutional rule governing and guiding student-use cognitive enhancers an institution be right reasons. This virtues approach offers unique insights issues education, as might turn out, uneasiness many people have has less with more motivations character students.