Symbiosis—Evolution’s Co-Author

摘要: Symbiotic integration is a primary contributor to the centerpiece of evolution, genetic novelty. Acquisition foreign organisms or parts thereof, and potential subsequent assimilation often internalization one several different genomes into another entity are foundational expressions upon which natural selection acts, particularly in eukaryotic organisms. Thus, entire landscape life—from cells biomes—is substantially an evolving collection chimeric communities. Competition may be pronounced successful evolution large part because competing do not function as, indeed not, individuals. Moreover, growing evidence indicates symbiosis on flexible continuum physiological expression, with real plasticity organisms’ integrating life cycles. Therefore, so-called “mutualism”, “parasitism”, “commensalism” as symbiotic reference points analyses outdated perhaps dubious use. For example, fundamental ecological principles show us that “parasitism” among two significant advantage only “parasite” but its “host.” Symbiosis system examples here reviewed redefined more meaningful evolutionary context; namely, acquisition organism(s) by organism(s), through long-term integration, new structures metabolism emerge.