A review of human disturbance effects on nesting colonial waterbirds

摘要: -We reviewed 64 published investigations concerning effects of human disturbance on nesting colonial waterbirds. We summarized and articles, based taxonomy, examining investigator, ecotourist, recreator, watercraft, aircraft activity physiology, reproductive behavior, success, population trends Though most studies found significant negative effects, taking careful measures minimized impact some species. Guidelines for minimizing investigator visitor are outlined. Little practical information management is available. Increasing pressure from the ecotourism industry to visit waterbird colonies makes research that develops scientifically-defensible tourism policies imperative. Received 27 December 1997, accepted April 1998.