Physiology and Evolution of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels in Early Diverging Animal Phyla: Cnidaria, Placozoa, Porifera and Ctenophora.

摘要: Voltage-gated calcium (Cav) channels serve dual roles in the cell, where they can both depolarize membrane potential for electrical excitability, and activate transient cytoplasmic Ca2+ signals. In animals, Cav play crucial including driving muscle contraction (excitation-contraction coupling), gene expression (excitation-transcription pre-synaptic neuroendocrine exocytosis (excitation-secretion regulation of flagellar/ciliary beating, cellular either directly or through modulation other Ca2+-sensitive ion channels. recent years, genome sequencing has provided significant insights into molecular evolution Furthermore, expanded datasets have permitted improved inference species phylogeny at base Metazoa, providing clearer complex animal traits which involve channels, nervous system. For various types metazoan key properties that determine their contribution include: selectivity, pore gating, and, importantly, protein-protein interactions direct sub-cellular localization functional complexing. It is unclear when many these defining features, are essential system function, evolved. this review, we highlight some experimental observations implicate physiology behavior most early-diverging animals from phyla Cnidaria, Placozoa, Porifera Ctenophora. Given our limited understanding biology basal lineages, infer better-studied vertebrate invertebrate animals. We also apparently conserved functions might emerged very early on during evolution, perhaps predated it.