Environmental toxicology and omics: A question of sex.

摘要: Abstract Molecular initiating events and downstream transcriptional/proteomic responses provide valuable information for adverse outcome pathways, which can be used predict the effects of chemicals on physiological systems. There has been a paucity research that addresses sex-specific expression profiling in toxicology due to cost, time, logistical considerations, sex as variable not widely considered. In response this deficiency, federal agencies United States, Canada, Europe have highlighted importance including scientific investigations. Using case studies from both aquatic mammalian toxicology, we report there less than ~ 20–25% consensus how transcriptome proteome each responds chemicals. Chemicals shown elicit or include pharmaceuticals, anti-fouling agents, anticorrosive fungicides, among others. Sex-specific are isolated whole animals, investigations demonstrate primary cell cultures differently toxicants. This signifies is important, even lines. Sex significant implications predictive male female data required improve robustness pathways. Biological significance Clinical recognizes an important variable, pharmacokinetics (ADME; absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) differ between females males. However, few explored implication relation organisms. High-throughput molecular approaches becoming more frequently applied toxicity screens (e.g. pre-clinical experiments, fish embryos, lines, synthetic tissues) such expected build upon reporter-based assays receptor activation, enzyme inhibition) toxicant screening programs (i.e. Tox21, ToxCast, REACH). Thus, computational models accurately diversity occur chemical exposure within biological system. Our those synthesized literature suggest males respond quite predicting one when using generated other sex. While dramatically estrogen binds receptors sexes), it acknowledge transcriptomic proteomic based presence/absence co-regulators inherent variability regulation transcriptional translational machinery. Transcriptomic also reveal processes affected by sex, undoubtedly lead responses.