The Development of a Virtual Simulator for Training Neurosurgeons to Perform and Perfect Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Surgery

摘要: BACKGROUND: A virtual reality (VR) neurosurgical simulator with haptic feedback may provide the best model for training and perfecting surgical techniques transsphenoidal approaches to sella turcica cranial base. Currently there are 2 commercially available simulators: NeuroTouch (Cranio Endo) developed by National Research Council of Canada in collaboration surgeons at teaching hospitals Canada, Immersive Touch. Work progress on other simulators additional institutions is currently unpublished. OBJECTIVE: This article describes a newly application that facilitates performance assessment technical skills endoscopic endonasal procedures as well plans collecting metrics during its early use. METHODS: The main components NeuroTouch-Endo VR stereovision system, bimanual tool manipulators, high-end computers. software engine continues evolve, allowing tasks be performed environment. Device utility efficient practice continue originators neurosurgeons several United States. Training being 1- 2-nostril approaches. Practice sessions benefit from anatomic labeling normal structures along approach inclusion (for avoidance) critical structures, such internal carotid arteries optic nerves. CONCLUSION: simulation surgery provides an opportunity beta testing, validation, evaluation use residency training.