Long-term evolution of a sand spit, physical forcing and links to coastal flooding

摘要: Abstract Aerial photographs, topographic field data and environmental forcing agents were used to assess historic annual sand spit changes at Ginst Spit, Pendine Sands, West Wales. photographs highlighted that the shoreline facing dominant wave direction had accreted steadily throughout assessment timeframe (1947–2010). Stabilisation works in form of rubble mounds aided recovery dune system thought have been damaged due training exercises carried out during Second World War. Annual surveys (1995–2010) showed a terminal end eastward migration extending into channel 3 estuary complex. Dominant waves emanate from south southwest, models suggest longshore sediment drift is west toward east. Sub-dominant southeast create counter back forming customary northward hook. Model results significant transformation offshore model boundaries nearshore zone for both height direction, which found agreement with qualitative assessment. Annually averaged components varying correlations rates change. Precipitation growth associated flood events, suggested combination fluvial coastal processes contribute lowland inundation. By showing major role plays protecting town its lee, this work provides new understanding evolution inform management.