An Assessment of Battery and Hydrogen Energy Storage Systems Integrated with Wind Energy Resources in California

摘要: This exploratory investigation examined energy storage technologies that can potentially enhance the operation of wind power and other intermittent renewable systems. The authors conducted economic environmental analyses four options: (1) lead acid batteries, (2) zinc bromine (flow) (3) a hydrogen electrolyzer fuel cell system, (4) option where was used for fueling powered vehicles. These were considered under two penetration scenarios (2010 2020) at California sites are likely to experience significant farm development. Analysis with NREL’s HOMER model showed that, in most cases, systems not well utilized until higher levels modeled (i.e., 18% Southern 2020). In scenarios, became more cost-effective than battery production, using refuel vehicles economically attractive reconverting electricity. overall value proposition conjunction sources depends on multiple factors. initial qualitative assessment found various be environmentally benign, except emissions from manufacture some materials.