Managing the trade-offs among yield increase, water resources inputs and greenhouse gas emissions in irrigated wheat production systems

摘要: Abstract Irrigation is a crucial measure for ensuring food security; however, the complex linkages among yield increases, water productivity, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are unclear irrigated wheat production in China. Here meta-analysis was conducted to determine trade-offs increase, GHG Chinese systems. Grain irrigation systems with 172 mm of supplemental increased by 23% owing increase aboveground biomass, spike number, grain whereas productivity decreased 6% compared non-irrigated Water from 15.7 16.5 kg ha −1  mm conventional 17.5 kg ha optimized systems, similar increases found (17.8–18.0 kg ha ). Compared yield-scaled 2–8% using surface water, 15–68% groundwater. Yield-scaled 3–19% In conclusion, practice security, but should be carefully considered when making design decisions. future, adoption integrated management achieve collective improvements yield, environmental benefits.