Middle Ear and Eustachian Tube

摘要: This chapter reviews the data regarding mucosal immune system equipped in middle ear, and microbiologic as well immunologic aspects of otitis media (OM). The also discusses efficacy vaccines for OM. Otitis (OM), such acute (AOM) with effusion (OME), is one most prevalent infectious diseases children accounts a significant medical cost. Streptococcus pneumoniae , nontypeable Haemophilus influenza (NTHi), Moraxella catarrhalis— are common causative bacteria AOM OME. Because these pathogens ascend into ear from nasopharynx through eustachian tube, nasopharyngeal colonization considered prerequisite Effective OM must possess surface epitopes microbial antigens that among strains able to elicit protective antibodies. NTHi lack capsular polysaccharide, antigenic determinants outer membrane proteins. Among proteins, P6 highly conserved peptidoglycan- associated lipoprotein present all NTHi. Experimental findings suggest intranasal immunization an effective vaccination regimen induction antigen-specific responses upper respiratory tract.