The Impact of EV Charging Schemes on the Nordic Energy System

摘要: With the expected penetration of Electric Vehicles (EV) along with ambitious initiatives for variable renewable energy development in Nordics, systems will have to adapt increased demand and higher share supply. The study investigates EV integration pathways different degrees flexibility provided by charging schemes passive (PC), Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) system model Balmorel. While PC yields largest annualized cost, V2G can achieve considerable savings. Smart reduces electricity price variability considerably compared PC. Further, investments additional battery storage are delayed using G2V until 2050 whereas significantly larger requirements already decades before. flexible subsequently positive effects on emission reduction. Allowing use foresight mode taking into account future developments earlier cost all scenarios. still is cheapest option, it however, small improvements which shows a certain robustness gains relatively more being able adjusting substantial peak requirements.