Impact of Stress and Glucocorticoids on Schema-Based Learning.

摘要: Pre-existing knowledge, a 'schema', facilitates the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of schema-relevant information. Such schema-based memory is key to every form education provides intriguing insights into integration new information prior knowledge. Stress known have critical impact on processes, mainly through action glucocorticoids catecholamines. However, whether stress these major mediators affect learning completely unknown. To address this question, we performed two experiments, in which participants acquired schema day 1 learned schema-related as well schema-unrelated 2. In first experiment, underwent or control manipulation either immediately about 25 min before testing. The second experiment tested glucocorticoid and/or noradrenergic activation sufficient modulate memory. end, received orally placebo, hydrocortisone, α2-adrenoceptor-antagonist yohimbine, leading increased stimulation, both drugs, completing test. Our data indicate that stress, irrespective exact timing exposure, impaired learning, while leaving intact. A very similar effect was obtained after but not administration. These show disrupts participants' ability benefit from knowledge during produce effect. findings provide novel hormones dynamics human important practical implications, specifically for educational contexts.