摘要: B cells act as immune effectors, primarily through antigen-specific clonal expansion and plasma-cell differentiation. B1 (CD5(+)) marginal zone dominate T-cell independent humoral responses under the molecular control of activated dendritic cells. Helper T cell-regulated B-cell draw on follicular precursors rely qualitatively different patterns synapse formation to regulate fate. These activities culminate in germinal center reaction, during which somatic hypermutation antigen-driven selection produce preserve high-affinity plasma with extended longevity memory sensitized for antigen recall.