The effect of pleasant odors and hormone status on mood of women at midlife

作者: Susan S. Schiffman , Elizabeth A. Sattely-Miller , Mark S. Suggs , Brevick G. Graham

DOI: 10.1016/0361-9230(94)00133-L

关键词:

摘要: The effect of odors on the mood 56 women ranging in age from 45 to 60 years was determined using POMS (Profile Mood States). subjects were divided into four groups 14 each basis hormonal status. Group 1 consisted who still menstruating; group 2 no longer menstruating and taking estrogen; 3 estrogen progesterone; and, 4 hormone replacement. Use pleasant significantly improved scores tension, depression, confusion factors. In addition, replacement with or without progesterone had better than those did not, which is consistent previous studies.

参考文章(43)
D. A. Dzewaltowski, M. S. Blair, V. D. Castracane, R. R. Kraemer, K. F. Rinehardt, Mood alteration from treadmill running and its relationship to beta-endorphin, corticotropin, and growth hormone Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. ,vol. 30, pp. 241- 246 ,(1990)
Steve Van Toller, G. H. Dodd, Fragrance, The Psychology and Biology of Perfume Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on the Psychology of Perfumery, 1991. ,(1992)
K. R. Brizzee, J. M. Ordy, Sensory Systems and Communication in the Elderly ,(1979)
Domestic Commerce, Statistical abstract of the United States H.J. Mason. ,(1978)
Carroll E. Izard, Edmund S. Bartlett, Alan G. Marshall, Patterns of Emotions: A New Analysis of Anxiety and Depression ,(1972)
Howard Ehrlichman, Jack N. Halpern, Affect and memory: effects of pleasant and unpleasant odors on retrieval of happy and unhappy memories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. ,vol. 55, pp. 769- 779 ,(1988) , 10.1037//0022-3514.55.5.769
Marcha Flint, The Menopause: Reward or Punishment? Psychosomatics. ,vol. 16, pp. 161- 163 ,(1975) , 10.1016/S0033-3182(75)71183-0
BARBARA B. SHERWIN, The Impact of Different Doses of Estrogen and Progestin on Mood and Sexual Behavior in Postmenopausal Women The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. ,vol. 72, pp. 336- 343 ,(1991) , 10.1210/JCEM-72-2-336
I. Wiklund, J. Holst, J. Karlberg, L.-Å. Mattsson, G. Samsioe, K. Sandin, M. Uvebrant, B. von Schoultz, A new methodological approach to the evaluation of quality of life in postmenopausal women. Maturitas. ,vol. 14, pp. 211- 224 ,(1992) , 10.1016/0378-5122(92)90116-L