Quantification of binding affinity of glyconanomaterials with lectins

摘要: Carbohydrate-mediated interactions are involved in many cellular activities including immune responses and infections. These relatively weak, as such, cells employ multivalency, i.e., the presentation of multiple monovalent carbohydrate ligands within a close proximity, for cooperative binding thus drastically enhanced affinity. In past two decades, field glyconanomaterials has emerged where nanomaterials used multivalent scaffolds to present copies on nanomaterial surface. At core glyconanomaterial research is ability control modulate multivalency through ligand display. For quantitative evaluation affinity must be determined. Quantification parameters provides insights not only fundamental glyconanomaterial–lectin interactions, but also rational design effective diagnostics therapeutics. Several methods have been developed determine with lectins, fluorescence competitive assays solution or microarrays, Forster resonance energy transfer, quenching, isothermal titration calorimetry, surface plasmon spectroscopy, quartz crystal microbalance dynamic light scattering. This Feature Article discusses each these techniques, well how technique applied data analysis. Although results differed depending specific method used, collectively, they showed that could amplify carbohydrate–lectin by several orders magnitude, extent which structure ligand, density, linker length particle size.