Combination Therapy in Ischemic Stroke: Synergistic Neuroprotective Effects of Memantine and Clenbuterol

摘要: Background and Purpose— Although excitotoxic overactivation of glutamate receptors has been identified as a major mechanism ischemic brain damage, receptor antagonists failed in stroke trials, most cases because limited therapeutic windows or severe adverse effects. Therefore, we chose memantine clenbuterol, both approved safe efficient their respective therapeutical categories, examined combinations these neuroprotectants for possible interactions stroke. Methods— Combinations the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist (20 mg/kg) with β2-adrenoceptor agonist clenbuterol (0.3 to 3 were tested mouse model permanent focal cerebral ischemia. In addition, (1 10 nmol/L) cultured hippocampal neurons exposed (500 μmol/L) staurosporine (200 nmol/L). Results— The infarct size was further reduced by combination therapy as...