Re-Emergence of HIV Infection and Syphilis Among Men Who Have Sex with Men

摘要: Sexual activity has been shown to be the primary mode of transmission for several important viral and bacterial infections among men who have sex with (MSM) throughout world therefore sexually transmitted (STIs) are still one major public health problem worldwide. Since earliest days human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic MSM profoundly affected by disease; time first AIDS cases were reported in early 1980s, HIV had already spread widely homosexual drug-user communities. In western Europe, estimated that incidence peaked around 1983 1987-88 injecting drug users, 120.000 homosexual/bisexual infected 1985, 144.000 users 1989 (Downs et al., 2000). account a substantial proportion compose “bridging group” heterosexuals because high frequency bisexuality. Widescale behavioural modification response emerging HIV/AIDS pandemic saw dramatic reductions many acute STIs late 1980s (WHO, 2007). However, these not maintained states now observing increases rates diagnosed STIs; then reporting “unsafe sex”, often measured as unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) casual partners, increased since mid-1990s (Prestage 2005). MSM, diagnoses 2002 (22%, from 2757 2001 3371 2002) after slow decline previous years. Increased risk sexual behaviour migration HIV-infected people sub-Saharan Africa contributed rise 2000 (Hamers & Downs, 2004). On other hand, antiretroviral treatment, which lowers load, may reduce likelihood an person infect partner during intercourse. Mathematical modelling suggests effect treatment on lowering at population level could offset increase, even modest, behaviour, net opposing forces much debated (Katz 2002).