Airway Anatomy, Physiology, and Inflammation

摘要: Approximately 10,000 l of air and 8,000 blood transit the respiratory system each day driven by small pressure gradients developed in response to rhythmic contraction relaxation striated muscle under both voluntary involuntary control central nervous system. Matching air- flow results from local reflexes responding internal external stimuli subsequently controlling pumps, as well smooth walls airways vessels. A wide range neural immune mechanisms protect lungs against environmental insults, many are adaptive nature, resulting memory that increases sensitivity responsiveness upon repeated exposure stimuli. In over 10 % population, responses become pathological, excessive aberrant specific nonspecific stimuli, culminate physical remodeling lungs. Prevention, definitive diagnosis, effective treatment disorders require a better understanding underlying