Examination of the flexibility paradox in a Lean system

摘要: Integrating Lean in a process has become increasingly popular over the last decades. as concept spread through industry into other sectors such service, healthcare, and administration. The overwhelming experience from this is that difficult to integrate successfully. It takes long time requires large resources integration,as it permeates all aspects of process. system depending on both tools methods well human effort behavior. There therefore need understand integration itself. As many companies have worked with Lean, there should be great deal accumulated knowledge.The overall intent research examine how current state can established, account dualism regarding technical components humanistic Lean. Both issues must addressed if efficient. Through literature review, eight views are established. Taking consideration historical, foundational, evolutionary methods, systems, philosophical, cultural, management views, comprehensive model at group level proposed. two multiple-case studies, experiences actual integrations compared theory establish integration. were similarities but also differences due context complexity system. described in:9 instances strongly positive findings. They often simple methods.11 weakly nature dependencies between methods.3 vague Seems lack focus integrating Lean.3 mixed Can connected personal commitment creation efficient islands.3 conflicting Seem contextual factors.3 insufficient data. indications too few draw any conclusions. Accurately establishing seen necessary first step