An interdisciplinary approach to the dissemination of mini and micro hydropower - the case of Ethiopia

摘要: Successful implementation of MHP projects in Ethiopia and subsequently a broader dissemination the technology require an interdisciplinary approach. Based on analyses present hindrances Ethiopia, crucial aspects are identified. Even though adequate hydrological potential electricity requirements provided for at numerous sites, special attention must be directed to competing technologies, such as diesel generator system or connection existing grid, investment operating costs, profitability, financing instruments, partners, organisation forms, legal political boundary conditions, tariff systems paying modalities. All these relevant analysed individually with regard their causal interrelationships. The whole study provides basis development decision support system. By means regionalisation method, regression equations developed which facilitate estimation site lacking runoff measurements. evaluation methods forecast consumption showed that usual specific figures cannot applied without taking into account number households per official effect measures stimulate market penetration consumption. For example, incentives purchase electrical appliances one measure promote Simultaneously, appropriate optimise temporal balancing loads by truncating peaks filling load gaps. Additionally it should help adopt continuously growing demand function stepwise increase supply capacity. Selling capacities kilowatt instead energy hours aligns objectives. Since profitability revealed marginal access loans is limited due required collateral, mixed different project partners recommended. Firstly, some non- less-profit oriented equity capital donors customers, banks NGO's secondly, venture capitalists significant provision collateral enforcing successful management involved. Thirdly, loan ROE highly profit investors positive leverage effect. Some problems incurred can solved issuance juissance rights. They participation customers co-financiers allow dividend payment kW's kWh's. reduce risk sales, delayed payments. accommodate "cheap" quasi-equity from thus ease loans. In return, they offer advantage reduced monthly expenses customer who, case fixed rate dividend, receives units unaffected inflation. Juissance rights do not stock permitted within framework several organisational forms. confer any ownership rights, control remains (more) liable partners. participating liability, aspects, type finally total volume decide favoured form. A partnership useful liabilities, supplemented consumers modern co-operative requires well funded community, independent big banks. With requirements, licence turned out primary importance, but only acquired minimum volume. facilitates one-stop-shop other like licence, working permits, registration business allocation land water order perspicuously illustrate theoretical results all mentioned together investigations technical design, costs two fictitious studies 50 150 kW. analysis prospects international Flexible Mechanisms Kyoto Protocol, Global Environmental Fund others proved instruments contribute implement either barrier removal concrete pilot projects. view collected information, limits DSS tool reviewed. Finally conclusions recommendations measures, incentives, redemption customs duties improvement conditions given.