Quantum limit of heat flow across a single electronic channel.

摘要: Quantum physics predicts that there is a fundamental maximum heat conductance across single transport channel, and this thermal quantum GQ universal, independent of the type particles carrying heat. Such universality, combined with relationship between information, signals general limit on information transfer. We report quantitative measurement limited flow for Fermi electronic using noise thermometry. The demonstrated agreement predicted establishes experimentally basic building block transport. achieved accuracy below 10% opens access to many experiments involving manipulation