The effect of temperature on trophic interactions

摘要: Increase in temperature related to climate change will have consequences on the performance of organisms. Insects could be expected respond more than other organism groups because they are ectotherms. Many herbivorous insects considered pests and may cause severe damage, therefore, trying predict pest a future is vital. In order make predictions about we need better understand mechanisms processes that driving population dynamics insects. To achieve all life stages interactions with trophic levels, such as host plants natural enemies considered. The European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer Geoffr. (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), species boreal (Pinus spp.) forests. Its populations undergo large fluctuations densities reach very high so called outbreaks. this thesis effect known important for sawfly evaluated assess if risk outbreaks increase due warming. Sawfly was studied respect stage specific mortality factors; i.e. secondary compounds food (diterpenes), arthropod predation larvae small mammal pupae. Climate chambers were used create different temperatures laboratory field study latitudinal gradient utilized. results indicate survival larval decrease but pupal increasing temperature. relative importance factors investigated simple model outcome suggests warmer temperatures, increased outweighs effects decreased mortality, which imply propensity occur reduced climate.