Protein Synthesis in Neurons

摘要: Neurons are immensely complex cells whose morphology and physiology underpin our cognition. Achieving proper neuronal connections during development, as well eliciting appropriate responses to environmental stimuli in the adult, requires precisely regulated protein synthesis. To meet these requirements, neurons have adapted regulatory mechanisms that act at every step process of producing functional proteins. Many target messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)-binding proteins ribosomal subunits regulate translational initiation. These especially concentrated synapses, where they transform transient electrical signals into lasting modifications a basis for learning memory. Misregulated synaptic synthesis contributes several human cognitive changes including addiction, fragile X syndrome autism. Key Concepts: Neurons exhibit extensive compartmentalised arbours axons dendrites, which place unique demands on timing location synthesis. Growth cones specialised structures guide developing dendrites their targets. Extracellular guidance cues local growth destination. Forming new memories specific time intervals after learning. In adult brain, rapidly communicate through contacts called synapses. The strength communication synapse can be modified function its past use. mediated, part, by synapse. Biochemical networks signal transduction pathways convert patterns transmissions Ribosomal RNA-binding common targets pathways. Alterations humans cause variety behavioural, memory deficits. Keywords: protein synthesis; neuron; translation; synapse; fragile